INTRODECTION TO PRIVATE LAW(waa maxay private law ) ilaa xiligee ayuu soo bilaawday}

Subject private law

Nidaamyada qaanuuneed waxay ku saleesanyin afar midkood

 1)-common law (   un written laws)qawaaniinta aan qorneen maxaa saldhg loogu dhigaa wax lagu magacaawo precedent or case law \decision of the court go aamadii hore ay maxkamaduhu gaareen iyo aqoonyahanada

2) Civil law contineral law (written law)waa qawaaniin qoran 

Meesha uu kazoo horjeedo taariq ahaan wuxuu dib ugu noqonayaa waqti fog sida boqortooyda baabiliyoon iyo kuwa shiinaha

 Babylion empire oo lagu dhaqmi jiray hammu rabi code

China civil code

India civil code

Roman empire code

Napilion code wuxuu saldhig u yahay midka hada lagu dhaqmo

3)_ religious law nidaamyada ku saleesan diinta islaamka gaar ahaan sharia law

4 )_plurality system hab isku dhaf

Public law xiriirka kadhaxeeya muwaadinka iyo dowlada

Qeybahaa public law

1 )_criminal law 2\ constitutions  3\administrative

Private law  : waa xiriir qaanuuned oo nidaaminaya bulshada dhexdeeda

Qeybaha private law

1)   civil law 2\commercial law 3\labor law 4\private introduction private law xiriirada dhexmara dadka aan isku jinsiyad aheyn

Civil law waxaa lagu nidaamiyaa

1 somali civil code xerka madaniga somaliya

2 somali procedure civil code xerka habka madaniga Somalia

1973 dowladii kacaanka waxay soo saartay nidaam haweysan  x m s

Xeerku madaniga soomaaliya wuxuu ka koowanyahay 958 QODOB

Introduction of concepts

Society and law

Society is particular community of people who shared with common territory interaction and culture

Waa daad gaar ah oo ay ka dhaxeeyso dhul iyo dhaqan u gooni ah.

 Waxey ku kale duwanaan karaaan inay isku diin aheyn eyna isku mabda aheyn.

Bulshada waxay ku kale duwanaan kartaa qeybo badan .

Waxaa jirta aragti dhahaysa meel kasta oo bulsho ku nooshahay waa in uu jiraa sharci xadidaaya

Function of law

Sharciga waxa uu u qabto bullshada

To regulate the behavior of human being(inuu nidaamiyo hab dhaqanka bullshada )

To maintain the law and order ( in uu ilaaliyo sareenta sharciga )

To impose human right freedom (inuu xadido xuquuqda bini aamdamka iyo xuriyadiisa )

(qodabka 4-5 ee xeerka madaniga soomaaliyeed ayaa qeexaya)

Waa inuu target ku noqon koox gaar ah ka qaadistarka  mu’waadinka xuquuqdiisa gaarka ah hadii laga qaadayo waa in ay soo martaa hab sharciga waafaqsan.

Law a social of role (qaanuunka waa xeer bulsheed )

Qaanuunka qofkii u gafa ama u geesta qaladaad waxaa laga joojinayaa si dag dag ah ama xoog ah.

Bullshadu waxey leedahay gacmo ilaaliya xeerka bullshada eek u dhaqanto.

Law provide society (bullshadu waxey ka heshaa ama uu u qabtaa qaanuunku )

Resolve dispenses.(ineey qillafkooda ku xalistaan )

Protector individuals ( in shaqsiga la ilaaliyo laguna xad gudbin xuquuqdiisa asaasiga )

Law prevent  the society (qawaaniinta waxeey ka hortagtaa )

To prevent Anarchy (in la ilaaliyo xasilooni la’aanta iyo waliba kala danbeen la’aanta )

Ummadii ay ku badato danbiyada iyo kale danbeen la’aanta waxaa ku bata burburka.

Qawaaniintu waxey u sameeyaan bullshada siyaabo kalo duwan sida ganacsiga iyo habka loo ilaaliyo iyo walibo iyadoo loo hogaansamo sharciga waxaa keena labo hab. Tusaale, qaanuunka qofka inuu u arko shayga in uu yahay mid wanaagsan ama in uu arko mid xun

Moral obligation (waxeey bullsahadu u aragto in uu wanaagsan yahay )

Legal obligation (qawaaniinta qoran oo ee bullshada u hogaansantahay

Division of law

Law is a system of rules that everyone in a country or a society must obey (waa nidaam qaanuuneed oo qof kasta iyo wadan walbe iyo waliba bullsha walba ay tix galiso ama ay adeecdo)

The formation of law? (side buu ku yimadaa qanuunka )

1)Legislation (waxaa dajiya hay’ada sharci dajinta )

2) legislation country is writing law passed by the parliament (waa qawaaniinta qoran ayna meel mariyaan baarlamanka )

3)excusive through decrees and regulation

4)privete individuals legal binding

3) Rule/norms aset of rules  that institution in pose (waa qodobo qaanuuneet oo ay soo saareen hay’adaha awoodau leh )

NORMS an except stander and way of behaving or doing that most people agree with (waa hab dhaqan ay aqbalsanyihiin sida ay u dhaqmaan ama ay wax u sameysan la hayeen

TUSALE:   Rules

Gadoomiyaha wuxuu awood u lee yahay inuu wax so saaro waxa awoodaas samenaya nidaamka oo ku dhisanyahay qaanuunka tusaale Norms (waa wax ay bulshadu aaminsanyihiin)

Rules can be two one of them:

Moral rules

Legal rule

Personal, particular , general , abstract 

General(sharciga guud waxuu sameyn ku lee yahay bullshada )

Abstract(waxa lagu qeexaa wax aan la taaban Karin ) 

4 Source of law and particular privete law (saldhigyada qaanuuneet iyo kuwa gaar ahaaneet waxaa saldhig u ah

Shara Islamic (sharecada islaamka waxey ka sareesaa qawaaniinta oo dhan xataa dastuurka dowllada )

Dastuurka gumeel gaarka soomaaliya (dastuurka waa qawaaniinta saldhiga u ah kaasoo qeexaya ama cadeenaya hay’adaha dowllada sida ay u wada shaqeyn la haayeen )

Dastuurka waxaa lagu nidaamiyaa madax banaanida xuquuqda iyo waajibaatka qofka mu’wadinka ah uu lee yahay 

    Soomaliya waxay lee dahay dastuur qoran oo calami ah.

Dastuurka waxuu ka sareeyaa waxa walbo oo wadanka yaal marka laga reebo shareecada islaamka .

Sharuudaha dastuurka

Dastuurka si sahal ah laguma badali karo.

Waxaana lagu qoraa rabitaanka dadweenaha .

Qaanuunka waxaa lagu badalli karaa habka uu ku yimid mise uu ku dhashay.

Qaanuun: kasta oo ka soo hor jeeda qaanuunka waa waxba kajiraan.

3 Sharuucda uu soosaro baarlamaanka ama golaha sharci dajinta.

Qawaaniinta: uu soo saaro baarlamaanku wuxuu kasareeyaa qawaaniinta oo dhan marka laga reebo shareecada islaamka iyo tastuurka wadanka uu kudhaqmo.

1 baarlamaanka

2 dawlada xubnaha ka ah fadaraalka

3 dawlada hoose (local government)

4 customary law (waa caado)

Waxa uu leeyahay 2 shardi

1 caadadu waa in aytahay mid waqti dheer lagu dhaqmayay {jiilba jiil}

2 caadadu waa in ay aamin san yihiin bulshada ama mujtamaca

5 heshiis yada caalamiga ah ee dawladu gasho

Heshiis yadu waxa ay noqon karaan

Qaab caalami ah ay kala saxiixdaan labo dawladood waxa kale oo uu noqon karaa    {region sida egad oo kale}

6 other sources

Qoraalada ay sameeyaan aqoon yahanada

5 law marking process in norm

Qaanuunka sida uu soomaro

1 baarlamaanka dhexdiisa in laga soo hor jeediyo mise laga soocuriyo hindise sharciyeedka waa in uu ka imaadaa xukuumada

6 interpretation of the law

Legal interpretation is returel or intede activity that gives meaning to a legal text

Fasiraada qaanuunka waa hab aqoon kusalaysan taas oo siinaysa macno qoraal sharciyeed

Q: MAXAA LOOGA BAAHAN YAHAY FASIRAADA GOORMAYNA TIMAADAA?

Waxay timaada marka ay yimaadaan wax yaabo aan cadayn ama wax is qabad kusalaysan

The system interpretation

Habka fasiraada

1 daba waqtigii lajoogo ama loobaahdo

2 hadbo nidaam qaanuuneed ku salaysan yahay ama salka uu ku hayo

WAXA kaloo salka ku haynkaraa

General                    particular                                individual

Classification of interpretation of legal text

Habka loofasiro legal text

1 according to the subject

Marka laga fiirinayo cida fasiraysa

WAA KUMA CIDA UGU HORAYSA EE FASIRAYSA  QAWAANIINTA FASIRATSA YAAWAAYE?

1 maxkamada tastuuriga ah

Kii ay fasirto waa lagu qasban yahay in loo hogaansamo

2 fasiraada aysamatso hay”ada sharci dajinta

3 qaanuunka waa in uu fasiraa cida uu u ogol yahay qaanuunka

4 Fasiraada ay samaysay hay”ada garsoorayaasha ee maxkamada sare

5 iyo culimada qaanuunka ku xeeldheer’;’

2 according to the method

Habka loo fasiraayo

Letral interpretation

Habka uu uqoran yahay

Logical interpretation

Maxaa macquul ah {side kuula muqata}

3 waxaa labarbar dhigayaa system ka uu ku salaysan yahay

4 historical interpretation.

Waxaa loola jeedaa taariiq ahaan sababta loo sameeyay

5 waxaa labarbar dhigayaa qawaaniinta uyaala wadamada kale waxa ay kaqabaan

6 maxaaa loola jeeda maxaase macquul ah

3 according to the extent

Verbal interpretation

1 Qoraalka saida uu u qornaa in lafiiriyo xaruuf ahaan

2 qoraalka ayaa lasoo koobayaa si cayiman

3 mawduuc ayaa siguud loo fasirayaa waxaa lagala soo baxayaa nuxurka

7 public law and private law

8 private law civil and commercial law

Waa labada oogu waa wayn

Civil law legal relation between private persons

Xiriirada qaanuuneed dhex mara dadka gaarka ah

Commercial law deals with economic predations apply to the commerce industry  and provisional activities

Waxa uu nidaamiyaa ganac siga guud ahaan

Taariiq ahaana waxaa jiray labo sharci

Soomaali civil code waxaa lasameeyay june/2/1973

Soomaali code of commerce

Wali lamasamayn waxaa loogu talagalay in uu nidaamiyo xiriirka kadhexeeya dadka ganacsatada ah

9 constitution and private law

Saamaynta ay isku leeyihiin dastuurka iyo qaanuunka gaarka ah

Inta badan waxaa lagu nidaamiyaa labo hab

1 mawaadiniinta waa in ay uhogaan saman sharciga wadanka uu leeyahay

2 dawladu waa in aysan ku xad gudbin xuquuqaha ay dadku leeyihiin

10 the role of judges in private relations

Dowrka uu leeyahay garsooraha marka laga hadlaayo xiriirka gaarka ah

The role of judge is to apply the law to resolve the conflict

In uu dabaqo sharciga silo xaliyo is qabad jira

Dabaqaada lagarabo garsooraha waa

1 in uu fasiro arinta laysku haysto sharciga waxa uuu kaqabo

Sida heshiiska oo kale

2 habka loogu dhaqmo deegaanka sida uu soomaray

3 waa in uu qiimeeyaa waqti ilaawaqti

Garsooraha ayaaa laga rabaa in uu qiimeeyo

Erayga performance

The eorreying  the obligations under the contract

Waa hawlaha loobaahan yahay in laqabto markay labada qof heshiis galayaan

A} some general prinples are particular importance because the effect the performance of a contract

Like good faith {niyad sami}

B} because they coinciding the validity of legal

Public order public moral

Public order waa maxay?

Waa nidaamka guud oo qof walba waajib ku yahay inuu u hogaansamo

waxaa   lagu tala galay in lagu nidaamiyo danaha guud

sida nawad gelyada iyo dhaqaalaha.

Wuxuu yimaadaa inta badan arimaha ku saabsan dacwooyinka

Public moral waa maxay

Waa mabaa diida guud ay ku saleesantahay anshaxa bulshada inta badan bulshada ay rumeesanyihiin

Mxaa sax ah maxaa qalad ah oo bulshadu u arakto

Anshaxa xumada waxaa kamid ah

Qofka muwaadinka ahinuu san ku dhiiri gelin shaqaalaha dowlada inuu qaato laaluush

Equity means social justice (cadaalada bulshada)

The judge these general equity

Inuu qiimeeyo dhibka meesha kajiro

2 qofka dacwoonaayo dhibka haysta qod 218 ilaa 219 xms

3 to integrate  the contract

In uu fiiriyo cilada ku jirta heshiiska 145 xms

4 to interpret the contract

In uu fasiro heshiiska asagoo ku bays garaynaya cadaalada 148 xms

11 legal relation rights and interest

Waa xiriirada qaanuuneed ee dhex mara dadka

Silo yiraahdo waxaa jira xiriir qaanuuneed waa in lahelaa

1 xiriir qaanuuneed dhex mara 2 iyo wixii kabadan

2 xiriir qaanuuneed u dhaxeeya hantida iyo dadka

Legal person waxaa uu leeyahay labo dhinac

A oo ah active position qoka guriga iskaleh

B oo AH passive position qofka guriga lagu wareejinaayo

Waxaa ka dhalanaayo duty and application

Active position\right and power inuu iska iibin karo uuna hiibeen karo. Waxaa jira exception xuquuq suge

Xuquuqaha waxaa loo qeebiyaa labo

1: qof kasta waa inuu aqoonsadaa si toos ah inuu u leeyahay

2:waxaa ququuda ka dhalaneeysa waajibaadyada dhax mara dadka

Expectation waxuu noqon karaa

Dejure : xuquuqaha  qofka si sharci uu ku yeelan karo

Defecto : sharciyan legal ma ahan

Duty: macnihiisu waa waxyaabaha laga rabo qofka inuu sameeyo

Obllication: waa waxyabaha qofka asaga isku waa jibiyo

12:the parties in the legal relitions

Dhinacyada xiriirada qaanuuneed

A party is someone who takes part or participation in agreement or other legal relationship

Waa qofka kaqayb qaadanaya heshiis yada ama xiriir qaanuuneed.

A FORSALE B ayaa waxaa ladhahaa PARTY

Cida heshiiska banaanka ka ah ayaa ladhahaa THIRD PARTY

WHAT IS THE THIRD PARTY

Third party or by stander is someone outside the agreement or relationshipThird party.

 maqusayso dhinacyada heshiiska

Dhinacyada heshiiska gal;aya sharciga waxa uu awood u u siinayaa  sida ay rabaan in ay heshiiskooda ugutaan haday ka baxaynin xayndaabka sharciga

13 the acquisition of rights through

Originating title

Derived title

Originating title waa lahaan shaha xaquuqda qofka aan cidi ooga soo horayn

Derived title waa xaquuq kasoo wareegatay cidii laheed

Si ay ugu wareegto xaquuqda waxaa  loo baahan yahay shuruudaha soosocda

1 in aad noqoto qof gacanta kuhaaya ama iskaleh

2 waa in ay jiraan sabab\qasad loo wareejinaayo shaygaas

3 shayga lawareejinaayo sabab loowareejinaayo mid ayay noqon kartaa sababta loowarejinayo ama si sharci ah

Waxaa wax kala gatay      A  waxa uu noqonayaa transfer wareejiye

House      

B  waxuu noqonaa transfer lagu wareejiye

14 the loss of a right

Sida ay xuquuqdu kulunto ama sida loowayo xaquuqda

 transfer waxa ay ugu wareegi karta

 1 qofkii lahaa xuquuqdaas inuu gato mise uu hibeeyo

What is property right ?

Is property right is transferred form the prior passes son and equered by another .

Qofkii lahaa in ay kawareegto oo qofkale u wareegto

2 the loss of right  is brought collective requirement.

Marka aytimaado baahi guud waxaa ubaahday mushtamaca dan guud sida isbitaal waxaa lawareegaysa dawlada

Qaabka loowareejinaayo waa labo hab

Compulsory  qasab ayaa looga wareejinayaa

Qasab yaa looga gadayaa

Limitation xuquuqda uu sharciga ku siiyay hadii aad mudo ku isticmaali weysay xuquuqdaas waad weyneysaa

3 extinquistial by the limitation waa goormee

When the precdntled to the right dose not with in preced of time determined by the law artcle 371 s

15 rights xuquuqaha

Xuquuqaha waa sedex qeyb

A right and legal situation 

Xuquuqaha iyo xaaladaha qaanuuneed

Q WHAT IS RIGHT

Right freedom to exercise any power conferred giving by law and protected by law

Awooda isticmaalka ee mabadax banana xuquuqaha ee sharciga siiyay isla markaana sharciga ilaalinaya 

Taariiq ahaan waxay salka ku haayaan mudo fog

Wuxuu aad usoo ifbaxay xiligii naabiliyom

Xuquuqaha lasiiyay muhiimada xiliga naabiliyom waa

Hantida maguurtada guryaha iyo beeraha

Waxaa loo isticmaalay ereyga ah condinal power waa awood aan shuruud ku xerneen

Free and sovren of the will individual

Xuquuqaha waxay lahaayeen damaanad

In aanan cid soo fara gashan Karin muwaadininta ama dowlada

B  the originis of subjective rights

Xuquuqaha qofka jiritaankiisa laxiriira means netral rights

Waxaa la aqoonsaday qarnigii 17 ilaa 18 waqtigii uu xoogeestay waxa uu ahaa subjective rights absulistim system

Subjective rights and netral rights 

1 right of live qofka inuu noolado

2personal freedom xuriyad madax banana

3 political 

4 freedom of religion

5property right inuu hanta yeelan karo

Waxay hormartay qarnigii 19 aad

C abuse of right

Xuquuqda aasaasiga inaadan ku xadgudbin

Ama si qalad aad u isticmaali Karin

684 qod x m s wuxuu leeyahay qof milkiyad leh xaqiisa six ad dhaaf ah uguma isticmaali karo isagoo wax yeeleynin milkiyada qofka laderiska ah

16 property of rights and choose in action

Qeybaha ay u qeysamaan xuquuqaha

1 property right xuquuqda lahaanshaha

Iyo xuquuqda qofka uu leeyahay

1 property right are attached connected to the tangible thing

Xuquuqaha kadhasha wax yaabaha muuqda

2 choose in action are attached to form of compliance with another person    

Lender waa deemiye obligii

Borrower                     obligor

Property right waxaa kasoo horjeeda xuquuqahaha ka dhasha obligation

Property right kuma xerna wax shardi ah

Farqiga u dhaxeeya

Qofkasta waa inuu aqoonsada qofka iska leh

choose in action waa xuquuqaha larawo dad gaar ah wajib ku yahay inay aqoonsadaan

property right waxay leedahay sifooyin

1 xuquuq dhameestiran

2 xuquuqda qofka leeyahay

3 xuquuqdiisa inuu raadsan karo ama soo ceshan karo

Possession waa haaysasho detention waa haayin

Possession actual control of property combined with the intention to use it rightly or wrongly as once own

Waa heysasho dhab ah qasad yahay inuu isticmalo waxay noqon kartaa mid sax ah ama qalad gacan ku henta sheygaas waxay ku xerantahay qasad uu yahay inuu isticmaalo

Property right waxaa laga fiiriyaa labo dhinac xaga milkiyada

1 Waa xuquuqda qofka leeyahay

A wuxuu wax ka gaday B wuxuu noqonaa owner ship of right

A occuple wuxuu degay B house

A will be the new possessor farqiga udhaxeeya

Owner ship wuxuu noqonaa qofka gacanta ku heenta milkiyad

Possessor wuxuu taagan yahay gacan ku heenta milkiyad manoqon karo

Qofka markuu milkiyada yeesho waxaa lasocdo xuquuqo

1 inuu iska iiwin karo guriga

2 inuu wareejin karo guriga

3 inuu ku noolaan karo guriga 

4 inuu iska kireen karo

2 the right to exercise

Isticmaal xuquuqeed

Inaad hiween karto

Possession wuxuu noqon karaa

1 sharci ku heesto

2 sharci daro ah

Possession sharci ahaan markuu ku heesto waxaa loo baahanyahay innu uheesto dukumiinti sharci ah

Illigimate possession can be sharci darada waxay noqonkartaa      

In bad faith

In good faith

Possession can be heysashada waxay noqonkartaa

1 dract

2 indract marka isticmaalka si dad ban uu ku yimaado sida hotel

Possession has two elements

1 subjective elements

2 objective elements

Detention detaner

Waa xiriirka sharciga aheyn ka dhaxeeya sheyga

Lamo socoto xuquuqa milkiyada

Is defacts relation ship with the property that unlike possession dose not include the exercise of the ownes

Rights that go with the property

Asaga doorkiisa waa inuu haayaa sheyga

Chapter one the end

waxaa mahad iskaleh allaah subxana watacaalaa.

Mida labaad waxaa mahad gaar leh.

Prof: axmed faarax
waxaa soo diyaariyay

Sha: xasan bashiir cali (xasanul banna)

and maxamed axmed ciise (moha shakir)
  introduction to private law

 qaanuunka gaarka ah

  faculty of law

  kuliyada qaanuunka

 thanks for your teaching